När blev bröderna grimm berömda
Their first collection of folktales, Children's and Household Tales Kinder- und Hausmärchen , began publication in Their father's death in when Jacob was 11 and Wilhelm was 10 caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers many years after.
Both brothers attended the University of Marburg , where they developed a curiosity about German folklore , which grew into a lifelong dedication to collecting German folktales. The rise of Romanticism in 19th-century Europe revived interest in traditional folk stories, which to the Brothers Grimm represented a pure form of national literature and culture.
Så hemska var bröderna Grimms sagor
With the goal of researching a scholarly treatise on folktales, they established a methodology for collecting and recording folk stories that became the basis for folklore studies. Between and their first collection was revised and republished many times, growing from 86 stories to more than In addition to writing and modifying folktales, the brothers wrote collections of well-respected Germanic and Scandinavian mythologies , and in they began writing a definitive German dictionary Deutsches Wörterbuch , which they were unable to finish.
The popularity of the Grimms' collected folktales has endured. They are available in more than translations and have been adapted by renowned filmmakers, including Lotte Reiniger and Walt Disney , in films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In the midth century, Nazi Germany weaponized the tales for propaganda ; later in the 20th century, psychologists such as Bruno Bettelheim reaffirmed the work's value despite the sexuality, cruelty, and violence in some of the tales' original versions, which were eventually censored by the Grimms themselves.
Teaterkritik: Balladen om bröderna Grimm – jag vara älskar dessa bröder
The family became prominent members of the community, residing in a large home surrounded by fields. Biographer Jack Zipes writes that the brothers were happy in Steinau and "clearly fond of country life". In Philipp Grimm died of pneumonia, causing great poverty for the large family. Dorothea was forced to relinquish the brothers' servants and large house, depending on financial support from her father and sister, who was then the first lady-in-waiting at the court of William I, Elector of Hesse.
Jacob was the eldest living son, forced at age 11 to assume adult responsibilities shared with Wilhelm for the next two years. The two brothers then followed the advice of their grandfather, who continually exhorted them to be industrious. The brothers left Steinau and their family in to attend the Friedrichsgymnasium in Kassel , which had been arranged and paid for by their aunt.
By then they were without a male provider their grandfather died that year , forcing them to rely entirely on each other and become exceptionally close. The two brothers differed in temperament—Jacob was introspective and Wilhelm was outgoing although he often suffered from ill health —but shared a strong work ethic and excelled in their studies.
Teaterkritik: Balladen om bröderna Grimm -om hur olikheterna
In Kassel they became acutely aware of their inferior social status relative to "high-born" students who received more attention. Each brother graduated at the head of his class, Jacob in and Wilhelm in he missed a year of school due to scarlet fever. After graduation from the Friedrichsgymnasium , the brothers attended the University of Marburg. The university was small with about students, and there they became painfully aware that students of lower social status were not treated equally.
They were disqualified from admission because of their social standing and had to request a dispensation to study law. Wealthier students received stipends, but the brothers were excluded even from tuition aid. Their poverty kept them from student activities or university social life, but their outsider status worked in their favor and they pursued their studies with extra vigor.
Inspired by their law professor, Friedrich von Savigny , who awakened in them an interest in history and philology , the brothers studied medieval German literature. Through Savigny and his circle of friends— German romantics such as Clemens Brentano and Ludwig Achim von Arnim —the Grimms were introduced to the ideas of Johann Gottfried Herder , who thought that German literature should revert to simpler forms, which he defined as Volkspoesie natural poetry —as opposed to Kunstpoesie artistic poetry.
Jacob was still financially responsible for his mother, brother, and younger siblings in , so he accepted a post in Paris as Savigny's research assistant. On his return to Marburg he was forced to abandon his studies to support the family, whose poverty was so extreme that food was often scarce, and take a job with the Hessian War Commission.
In a letter to his aunt from this time, Wilhelm wrote of their circumstances: "We five people eat only three portions and only once a day". Jacob found full-time employment in when he was appointed court librarian to the King of Westphalia and went on to become a librarian in Kassel. He arranged and paid for his brother Ludwig 's studies at art school and for Wilhelm's extended visit to Halle to seek treatment for heart and respiratory ailments, after which Wilhelm joined Jacob as librarian in Kassel [ 1 ] At Brentano's request, the brothers had begun collecting folk tales in a cursory manner in During their employment as librarians—which paid little but afforded them ample time for research—the brothers experienced a productive period of scholarship, publishing books between and These works became so widely recognized that the brothers received honorary doctorates from universities in Marburg , Berlin , and Breslau now Wrocław.
On 15 May Wilhelm married Henriette Dorothea Dortchen Wild, a pharmacist's daughter and childhood friend who had given the brothers several tales.