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Naloxone is a powerful tool for preventing deaths from opioid overdoses. First responders and health care providers use this medication in their day-to-day work, but anyone can keep it on hand and save lives, too. It attaches to opioid receptors in the brain to reverse and block the effects of opioids. Opioids include heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, and morphine, to name a few.
When someone overdoses on opioids , their breathing can slow or stop altogether. Naloxone can quickly and safely restore regular breathing. Naloxone can be given to someone you think might be having an opioid overdose.
How naloxone reverses opioid overdoses (and why it’s important to have on hand!)
Anyone can carry naloxone. It is an especially good idea to have naloxone nearby if you or someone you know might use drugs. Even though naloxone only reverses overdoses caused by opioids, it should be given any time you think someone may be overdosing from any drug. Naloxone can be given as a nasal spray or an injection. The medicine is fast acting but only works in the body for 30 to 90 minutes.
It may take multiple doses to counteract stronger opioids such as fentanyl. A pharmacist can provide more information on how to use it properly.
How to Administer Treatment for an Unintentional Opioid Overdose
If you believe someone may be experiencing an opioid overdose, start by calling or having someone call Stay with them until emergency help arrives. For a full-size infographic, click here. Hospitals carry naloxone and, increasingly, so do first responders, including police and firefighters. But you can also get naloxone from a doctor or pharmacist, as well as from local health departments and public health clinics.
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Ask your pharmacist whether your insurance can cover the cost of naloxone. Some local distribution programs can also provide naloxone at low or no cost and provide training on how to use it. There can be barriers to getting naloxone, including cost, supply, stigma, or lack of information about local laws. People who need it may not always be able to get it.
The availability of naloxone may depend on your area. These laws encourage people to seek medical help in the event of an overdose. As effective as naloxone is, this lifesaving medicine specifically works by reversing an opioid overdose and does not treat a substance use disorder SUD. SUDs, including opioid use disorder, are chronic, treatable conditions from which people can recover.
People with SUDs have trouble stopping drug use despite the negative consequences. People who survive an opioid overdose are still at risk for continued substance misuse. Rachel George is in recovery for opioid use disorder OUD. Narcan is a brand of naloxone and is available as a nasal spray.
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What is naloxone and how does it work? Common signs of an opioid overdose include: Slow or shallow breathing Unconsciousness Very small pupils Inability to speak Vomiting Faint heartbeat Limp arms and legs Pale skin Purple lips and fingernails Naloxone can be given as a nasal spray or an injection. Image credit: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Substance Use Disorder.